05 Glycolysis
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- red arrows: nonreversible
Hexokinase/Glucokinase
- G6P traps glucose inside cell
- once high levels of G6P, stop: doesn't hoard glucose
- anytime glucose level high, it is taken up and converted to G6P
- only time G6P inactive is low glucose and high F6P = fasting and gluconeogenesis
- from cytosol to nucleus = inactive
- G6P will always be active in high glucose state, regardless of F6P
Glucokinase Deficiency
- won't release insulin and won't take up glucose
PFK 1
- committed step
- all the way to pyruvate
- F26BP: way insulin controls glycolysis
F26BP
- glucagon leads to phosphorylation of PFK2/PBPase2
- insulin dephosphorylates PFK2, activating it
- insulin dephosphorylates F26BP, inactivating it
Splitting
Energy Stage
- alanine byproduct of degradation of protein
- liver sees alanine, inhibit pyruvate kinase and glycolysis to not use glucose
- regenerates NAD+ after use of 1st step to keep conducting glycolysis
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